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<title>European Library</title>

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</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">The European Library</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Type of site</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Portal to the content of Europe's national and research libraries</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label">Dutch Royal Library, <a href="Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data">CENL (a <a href="Consortium" title="Consortium">consortium</a> of 49 national libraries)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">URL</th><td class="infobox-data url"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europeana.eu/en/TEL">europeana.eu/tel</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commercial</th><td class="infobox-data">No</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launched</th><td class="infobox-data">17 March 2005</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>The European Library</b> was an Internet service that allows access to the resources of 49 European <a href="National_libraries" class="mw-redirect" title="National libraries">national libraries</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an increasing number of research libraries. Searching is free and delivers metadata records as well as digital objects, mostly free of charge. The objects come from institutions located in countries which are members of the <a href="Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> and range from catalogue records to full-text books, magazines, journals and audio recordings. Over 200 million records are searchable, including 24 million pages of full-text content and more than 7 million digital objects. Thirty five different languages are represented among the searchable objects.

</p><p>The content of the European Library was frozen on 31 December 2016, with no new updates after that date.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_concept">History and concept</h2></div>

<p>The European Library of today has evolved from a number of earlier projects.

</p><p>Its starting point was in 1997 when the GABRIEL (Gateway and Bridge to Europe's National Libraries) project set out to establish a joint web portal of European national libraries. At a basic level, the portal provided information about each library's collections and access to their online public access catalogues (OPACs).

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</style><blockquote class="templatequote rquote"><p>The European Library exists to open up the universe of knowledge, information and cultures of all Europe's national libraries.</p></blockquote><div class="templatequotecite"><p style="display: inline; padding-left: 2.3em;">— European Library Mission<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></div></div>

<p>GABRIEL was followed by the TEL (The European Library) project, which ran from 2001 to 2004 and created a framework for access to key national and deposit collections within Europe. The project was part-funded under the <a href="Fifth_Framework_Programme" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth Framework Programme">Fifth Framework Programme</a> of the <a href="European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>. The national libraries involved in the TEL project were those of Finland, Germany, Italy (Florence), Italy (Rome), Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia, Switzerland and United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>This led to the launch of TheEuropeanLibrary.org portal on 17 March 2005.

</p><p>Between 2005 and 2007, the TEL-ME-MOR project helped to incorporate 10 more national libraries from new European Union member states as full partners of The European Library. By the beginning of 2008, a further nine national libraries within the European Union and the European Free Trade Association had joined the service.

</p><p>The European Library took a further step towards its enlargement with the EDLproject, during which national libraries continued to join The European Library. The project also focused on multilingualism, undertook the first steps towards a European Metadata Registry and created a roadmap for potential digitization efforts in the national libraries.

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<th scope="col" width="75">Year of Joining

</th>

<th scope="col" width="650">National Libraries

</th></tr>

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<td>Netherlands, Switzerland, UK, Finland, France, Germany, Portugal, Italy-Florence, Italy-Rome

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>2006

</td>

<td>Malta, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovenia, Estonia, Poland, Slovakia, Austria, Serbia, Croatia, Denmark

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Belgium, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Russia-Moscow

</td></tr>

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<td>Albania, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Georgia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Turkey, Russia Saint Petersburg, Ukraine

</td></tr>

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<td>San Marino, Vatican City (collections not searchable)

</td></tr>

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<td>Wales

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_European_Library_and_Europeana">The European Library and Europeana</h2></div>

<p>The European Library (TEL) provided much of the organization and support required to launch <a href="Europeana" title="Europeana">Europeana</a> – a European Commission initiative that makes millions of digital objects from libraries, museums and archives accessible to the public via the Europeana website.

</p><p>When the <a href="European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> called for Europeana to be established, the Conference of European National Librarians (CENL), under the auspices of the <a href="National_Library_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Netherlands">National Library of the Netherlands</a> and CENL's service The European Library, were asked to submit for a project under the eContentplus programme.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Virtual_exhibitions">Virtual exhibitions</h2></div>

<p>In addition to its search engine, The European Library pulls together themes from the collections of Europe's national libraries<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and displays them in virtual exhibitions. These exhibitions unite geographically disparate objects in a single online space, offering Pan-European sources on the topic.

</p>

<ul><li>Manuscripts and Princes in Medieval and Renaissance Europe:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 34 manuscripts from the royal collections of the Carolingian Emperors, French King Charles V and his family, and the Aragonese kings of Naples.</li>

<li>Travelling Through History:<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Centuries worth of travel memorabilia from 13 European libraries, including photographs, sounds, maps and books.</li>

<li>Reading Europe:<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Almost 1,000 books selected by <a href="National_libraries" class="mw-redirect" title="National libraries">national libraries</a>, with curatorial information and full-text versions in most cases.</li>

<li>A Roma Journey:<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Texts, photographs, paintings and recordings of traditional songs showing the heritage of the <a href="Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani people</a> in Europe.</li>

<li>Napoleonic Wars:<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A selection of portraits, military maps, city plans, letters, books and other material from the <a href="Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>.</li>

<li>Treasures of Europe's National Libraries:<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A collection of objects selected by Europe's national libraries as some of the most outstanding items in their collections.</li>

<li>National Library Buildings:<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Images of the National Libraries that are partners of The European Library.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Financing_and_ownership">Financing and ownership</h2></div>

<p>The European Library is financed by its owners, the Conference of European National Librarians (CENL). The portal is maintained by The European Library Office located in the premises of the <a href="National_Library_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Netherlands">Dutch Royal Library</a> in <a href="The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>. Its programme director is Jill Cousins.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Partner_libraries">Partner libraries</h2></div>

<p>The 49 National Libraries who participate in The European Library project are:

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<ul><li>Albania: <a href="National_Library_of_Albania" title="National Library of Albania">Biblioteka Kombëtare e Shqipërisë</a></li>

<li>Armenia: <a href="National_Library_of_Armenia" title="National Library of Armenia">Հայաստանի Ազգային գրադարան</a></li>

<li>Austria: <a href="National_Library_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Austria">Österreichische Nationalbibliothek</a></li>

<li>Azerbaijan: <a href="National_Library_of_Azerbaijan" title="National Library of Azerbaijan">Mirzə Fətəli Axundov adına Azərbaycan Milli Kitabxanası</a></li>

<li>Belgium: <a href="Royal_Library_of_Belgium" title="Royal Library of Belgium">Koninklijke Bibliotheek België</a></li>

<li>Bosnia and Herzegovina: <a href="National_Library_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Nacionalna i univerzitetska biblioteka Bosne i Hercegovine</a></li>

<li>Bulgaria: <a href="National_Library_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Bulgaria">Национална библиотека „Свети Свети Кирил и Методий</a></li>

<li>Croatia: <a href="National_Library_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Croatia">Nacionalna i sveučilišna knjižnica u Zagrebu</a></li>

<li>Cyprus: <a href="National_Library_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Cyprus">Κυπριακή Βιβλιοθήκη</a></li>

<li>Czech Republic: <a href="National_Library_(Czech_Republic)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library (Czech Republic)">Národní knihovna České republiky</a></li>

<li>Denmark: <a href="Royal_Danish_Library" title="Royal Danish Library">Det Kongelige Bibliotek</a></li>

<li>Estonia: <a href="National_Library_of_Estonia" title="National Library of Estonia">Eesti Rahvusraamatukogu</a></li>

<li>Finland: <a href="National_Library_of_Finland" title="National Library of Finland">Kansalliskirjasto</a></li>

<li>France: <a href="National_Library_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a></li>

<li>Georgia: <a href="National_Parliamentary_Library_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Parliamentary Library of Georgia">საქართველოს პარლამენტის ეროვნული ბიბლიოთეკა</a></li>

<li>Germany: <a href="National_Library_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Germany">German National Library</a></li>

<li>Greece: <a href="National_Library_of_Greece" title="National Library of Greece">Εθνική Βιβλιοθήκη</a></li>

<li>Hungary: <a href="National_Library_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Hungary">Országos Széchényi Könyvtár</a></li>

<li>Iceland: <a href="National_Library_of_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Iceland">Landsbókasafn Íslands – Háskólabókasafn</a></li>

<li>Ireland: <a href="National_Library_of_Ireland" title="National Library of Ireland">Leabharlann Náisiúnta na hÉireann</a></li>

<li>Italy-Florence: <a href="National_Central_Library_(Florence)" title="National Central Library (Florence)">Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze</a></li>

<li>Italy-Rome: <a href="Biblioteca_Nazionale_Centrale_Roma" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale Roma">Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale</a></li>

<li>Latvia: <a href="Latvian_National_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian National Library">Latvijas Nacionālā bibliotēka</a></li>

<li>Liechtenstein: <a href="Liechtensteinische_Landesbibliothek" class="mw-redirect" title="Liechtensteinische Landesbibliothek">Liechtensteinische Landesbibliothek</a></li></ul>

</td>

<ul><li>Lithuania: <a href="Martynas_Ma%C5%BEvydas_National_Library_of_Lithuania" title="Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania">Lietuvos nacionalinė Martyno Mažvydo biblioteka</a></li>

<li>Luxembourg: <a href="National_Library_of_Luxembourg" title="National Library of Luxembourg">Bibliothèque nationale de Luxembourg</a></li>

<li>Malta: <a href="National_Library_of_Malta" title="National Library of Malta">Bibljoteka Nazzjonali ta' Malta</a></li>

<li>Moldova: <a href="National_Library_of_Moldova" title="National Library of Moldova">Biblioteca Naţională a Republicii Moldova</a></li>

<li>Montenegro: <a href="Central_National_Library_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Central National Library of Montenegro">Centralna narodna biblioteka Crne Gore</a></li>

<li>Netherlands: <a href="National_Library_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Netherlands">Koninklijke Bibliotheek</a></li>

<li>North Macedonia: <a href="National_and_University_Library_St._Kliment_Ohridski" class="mw-redirect" title="National and University Library St. Kliment Ohridski">Национална и универзитетска библиотека „Св. Климент Охридски"</a></li>

<li>Norway: <a href="National_Library_of_Norway" title="National Library of Norway">Nasjonalbiblioteket</a></li>

<li>Poland: <a href="National_Library_of_Poland" title="National Library of Poland">Biblioteka Narodowa</a></li>

<li>Portugal: <a href="National_Library_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Portugal">Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal</a></li>

<li>Romania: <a href="National_Library_of_Romania" title="National Library of Romania">Biblioteca Naţională a României</a></li>

<li>Russia-Moscow: <a href="Russian_State_Library" title="Russian State Library">Российская государственная библиотека</a></li>

<li>Russia-St.Petersburg: <a href="National_Library_of_Russia" title="National Library of Russia">Rossiiskaya Natsionalnaya Biblioteka</a></li>

<li>San Marino: Biblioteca di Stato e Beni Librari</li>

<li>Serbia: <a href="National_Library_of_Serbia" title="National Library of Serbia">Народна библиотека Србије / Narodna biblioteka Srbije</a></li>

<li>Slovakia: <a href="National_Library_of_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Slovakia">Slovenská národná knižnica</a></li>

<li>Slovenia: <a href="National_Library_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Slovenia">Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica</a></li>

<li>Spain: <a href="National_Library_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Spain">Biblioteca Nacional de España</a></li>

<li>Sweden: <a href="National_Library_of_Sweden" title="National Library of Sweden">Kungliga biblioteket</a></li>

<li>Switzerland: <a href="National_Library_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Switzerland">Swiss National Library</a></li>

<li>Turkey: <a href="National_Library_of_Turkey" title="National Library of Turkey">Millî Kütüphane</a></li>

<li>Ukraine: <a href="National_Library_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Ukraine">Національна бібліотека України імені В.І. Вернадського</a></li>

<li>United Kingdom: <a href="British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a></li>

<li>Vatican City: <a href="Vatican_Library" title="Vatican Library">Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana</a></li>

<li>Wales: <a href="National_Library_of_Wales" title="National Library of Wales">National Library of Wales</a></li></ul>

<p>

</p>

</td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<p>Research Libraries who have also contributed content to The European Library as a result of the Europeana Libraries project include:

</p>

<div>

<ul><li><a href="Bavarian_State_Library" title="Bavarian State Library">Bavarian State Library</a></li>

<li><a href="Belgrade_University_Library" title="Belgrade University Library">Belgrade University Library</a></li>

<li><a href="Hungarian_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian Parliament">Hungarian Parliament</a> Library</li>

<li><a href="National_Library_of_Wales" title="National Library of Wales">National Library of Wales</a></li>

<li><a href="Romanian_Academy" title="Romanian Academy">Romanian Academy</a> Library</li>

<li><a href="Trinity_College_Dublin" title="Trinity College Dublin">Trinity College Dublin</a></li>

<li><a href="Universidad_Complutense_de_Madrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidad Complutense de Madrid">Universidad Complutense de Madrid</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Berne" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Berne">University of Berne</a></li>

<li><a href="University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Ghent" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Ghent">University of Ghent</a></li></ul>

</td>

<ul><li><a href="Katholieke_Universiteit_Leuven" class="mw-redirect" title="Katholieke Universiteit Leuven">University of Leuven</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Lund" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Lund">University of Lund</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Sibiu" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Sibiu">University of Sibiu</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Tartu_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Tartu Library">University of Tartu Library</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Uppsala" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Uppsala">University of Uppsala</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_Vienna" title="University of Vienna">University of Vienna</a></li>

<li><a href="Wellcome_Library" title="Wellcome Library">Wellcome Trust Library</a></li>

<li><a href="Zentralbibliothek_Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zentralbibliothek Zürich">Zentralbibliothek Zürich</a></li></ul>

<p>

</p>

</td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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<ul><li><a href="Europeana" title="Europeana">Europeana</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_Centre_for_Knowledge_on_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual Centre for Knowledge on Europe">Virtual Centre for Knowledge on Europe</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cenl.org">CENL</a>, Official Website of CENL. Accessed 9 October 2015</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Singer, Natasha "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/09/business/09stream.html?_r=1">Playing Catch-Up in a Digital Library Race</a>." New York Times, 8 January 2011. Accessed 17 January 2011.</span>

</li>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190212110550/http://www.cenl.org/wp-content/uploads/20161213-TEL-closure-press-release-final.pdf">"Europe's national libraries and CENL commit to collaboration and mutual support as they build on the legacy of The European Library: TEL services to be discontinued from 31 December 2016"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 13 December 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cenl.org/wp-content/uploads/20161213-TEL-closure-press-release-final.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 12 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/portal/organisation/about_us/aboutus_en.html#where_is_tel_going">The European Library Vision and Mission</a>. <i>TheEuropeanLibrary.org</i>. Accessed 18 January 2011.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Van Veen, Theo and Oldroyd, Bill. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dlib.org/dlib/february04/vanveen/02vanveen.html">Search and Retrieval in The European Library</a>." <i>D-Lib Magazine</i> Volume 10 Number 2 (2004). Accessed 18 January 2011.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bjørner, Susanne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allbusiness.com/technology/software-services-applications/12369091-1.html">Thinking About Culture and Language</a>. <i>Searcher</i>, 1 June 2009. Accessed 18 January 2011.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/tel4/virtual/regia">Manuscripts and Princes in Medieval and Renaissance Europe</a> <i>TheEuropeanLibrary.org</i>. Accessed 30 July 2012.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/exhibition-travel-history">Travelling through History</a> <i>TheEuropeanLibrary.org</i>. Accessed 30 July 2012.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/exhibition-reading-europe/index.html">Reading Europe: European Culture Through The Book</a> <i>TheEuropeanLibrary.org</i>. Accessed 18 January 2011.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/exhibition/roma_journey/eng/index.html">A Roma Journey</a> <i>TheEuropeanLibrary.org</i>. Accessed 18 January 2011.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/exhibition/napoleonic_wars/index.html">Napoleonic Wars</a> <i>TheEuropeanLibrary.org</i>. Accessed 18 January 2011.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/exhibition/treasures/index.html">Treasures of Europe's National Libraries</a> <i>TheEuropeanLibrary.org</i>. Accessed 18 January 2011.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/exhibition/buildings/index.html">National Library Buildings</a> <i>TheEuropeanLibrary.org</i>. Accessed 18 January 2011.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/portal/organisation/about_us/aboutus_en.html">About Us</a> <i>TheEuropeanLibrary.org</i>. Accessed 18 January 2011.</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europeana.eu/en/TEL/">The European Library at Europeana</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cenl.org">Conference of European National Librarians (CENL)</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europeana-libraries.eu">Europeana Libraries</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201231001543/http://www.europeana-libraries.eu/">Archived</a> 31 December 2020 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="National_libraries_of_Europe149" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="National_library" title="National library">National libraries</a> of Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="National_Library_of_Albania" title="National Library of Albania">Albania</a></li>

<li><a href="Andorra_National_Library" title="Andorra National Library">Andorra</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Library_of_Armenia" title="National Library of Armenia">Armenia</a></li>

<li><a href="Austrian_National_Library" title="Austrian National Library">Austria</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Library_of_Azerbaijan" title="National Library of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Library_of_Belarus" title="National Library of Belarus">Belarus</a></li>

<li><a href="Royal_Library_of_Belgium" title="Royal Library of Belgium">Belgium</a></li>

<li><a href="National_and_University_Library_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="National and University Library of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li>

<li><a href="SS._Cyril_and_Methodius_National_Library" title="SS. Cyril and Methodius National Library">Bulgaria</a></li>

<li><a href="National_and_University_Library_in_Zagreb" title="National and University Library in Zagreb">Croatia</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyprus_Library" title="Cyprus Library">Cyprus</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li>

<li><a href="Royal_Library%2C_Denmark" title="Royal Library, Denmark">Denmark</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Library_of_Estonia" title="National Library of Estonia">Estonia</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Library_of_Finland" title="National Library of Finland">Finland</a></li>

<li><a href="Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">France</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Parliamentary_Library_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Parliamentary Library of Georgia">Georgia</a></li>

<li><a href="German_National_Library" title="German National Library">Germany</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Library_of_Greece" title="National Library of Greece">Greece</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Sz%C3%A9ch%C3%A9nyi_Library" title="National Széchényi Library">Hungary</a></li>

<li><a href="National_and_University_Library_of_Iceland" title="National and University Library of Iceland">Iceland</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Library_of_Ireland" title="National Library of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Libraries_of_Italy" title="National Libraries of Italy">Italy</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Library_of_Kazakhstan" title="National Library of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Library_of_Latvia" title="National Library of Latvia">Latvia</a></li>

<li><a href="Liechtenstein_State_Library" title="Liechtenstein State Library">Liechtenstein</a></li>

<li><a href="Martynas_Ma%C5%BEvydas_National_Library_of_Lithuania" title="Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Library_of_Luxembourg" title="National Library of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Library_of_Malta" title="National Library of Malta">Malta</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Library_of_Moldova" title="National Library of Moldova">Moldova</a></li>

<li><a href="Louis_Notari_Library" title="Louis Notari Library">Monaco</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Library_of_Montenegro" title="National Library of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li>

<li><a href="Royal_Library_of_the_Netherlands" title="Royal Library of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li>

<li><a href="National_and_University_Library_%22St._Kliment_of_Ohrid%22" title="National and University Library "St. Kliment of Ohrid"">North Macedonia</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Library_of_Norway" title="National Library of Norway">Norway</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Library_of_Poland" title="National Library of Poland">Poland</a></li>

<li><a href="Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Portugal" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal">Portugal</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Library_of_Romania" title="National Library of Romania">Romania</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Library_of_Russia" title="National Library of Russia">Russia</a></li>

<li>San Marino</li>

<li><a href="National_Library_of_Serbia" title="National Library of Serbia">Serbia</a></li>

<li><a href="Slovak_National_Library" title="Slovak National Library">Slovakia</a></li>

<li><a href="National_and_University_Library_of_Slovenia" title="National and University Library of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li>

<li><a href="Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">Spain</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Library_of_Sweden" title="National Library of Sweden">Sweden</a></li>

<li><a href="Swiss_National_Library" title="Swiss National Library">Switzerland</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Library_of_Turkey" title="National Library of Turkey">Turkey</a></li>

<li><a href="Vernadsky_National_Library_of_Ukraine" title="Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li>

<li><a href="British_Library" title="British Library">United Kingdom</a>

<ul><li><a href="Linen_Hall_Library" title="Linen Hall Library">Northern Ireland</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Library_of_Scotland" title="National Library of Scotland">Scotland</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Library_of_Wales" title="National Library of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Vatican_Library" title="Vatican Library">Vatican City</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br>recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Abkhazia</li>

<li><a href="National_Library_of_Kosovo" title="National Library of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Library_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="National Library of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li>

<li>South Ossetia</li>

<li>Transnistria</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br>other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Åland</li>

<li><a href="National_Library_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="National Library of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li>

<li>Gibraltar</li>

<li>Guernsey</li>

<li>Jersey</li>

<li>Svalbard</li></ul>

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